September 29, 2006 Cabot 205 | 9am-3pm |
Neuroethics and Homeland Security
Neuroethics: Why Now and What Significance Does It Have?
Professor Turhan Canli, EPIIC ‘86 and Neuroethics and Homeland Security conference organizer, with Tufts Provost Jamshed Bhurucha
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Güven Güzeldere, PhD, is the Alexander Hehmeyer Associate Professor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of Linguistics, Neurobiology, Psychological and Brain Sciences at Duke University. Dr. Güzeldere is a philosopher with deep interest in brain imaging, such as functional neuroimaging of change detection, unconscious processing, pain processing, consciousness and qualia, deception in animals, artificial intelligence models. Dr. Güzeldere's research has a theoretical and an experimental component. His experimental work is on the functional neuroimaging of change detection and change blindness, and, more generally, the boundaries of unconscious processing in vision. His theoretical work focuses on the conceptual foundations of psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. In particular, he is engaged in projects on the nature of consciousness and qualia, the debate on the neural correlates of consciousness, the phenomenon of deception in non-human animals, and the role of introspection in pain perception.
Potential Applications of Neuroscience in Homeland Security: A Perspective from R&D
Don DuRousseau, MBA, is Founder and CEO of Human Bionics, an early-stage neurotechnology company specializing in physiological-based measurement of the brain and body for real-time assessment of cognitive, behavioral, and autonomic processes. Don is an internationally recognized neuroscientist, neuroimaging technology developer, and entrepreneur with twenty years experience commercializing mathematical methods and closed-loop systems for analyzing the electrical activity of the brain and body. Don has held senior management positions in the Neurodiagnostic Industry, where he was extensively involved in the development of leading edge multimodal Epilepsy source localization systems, integrated EEG/fMRI acquisition devices, and Transcranial Doppler technologies. Don's present interests lie in promoting general awareness and honest discussion on the topic of neuroethics, particularly, as it applies to the commercialization of Human Bionics' portable psychophysiological monitoring system and neurotraining architecture, which have been developed through DARPA and NIH sponsored SBIR grants.
"Private Dispositions" versus the "Power of the Situation": Can Neuroscience Predict Who Will Become a Hero or a Villian?
Turhan Canli, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Stony Brook University. Dr. Canli is a founding member and Executive Board Member of the Neuroethics Society (neuroethicssociety.org), which is concerned with ethical use of neuroscience in real-world applications. Dr. Canli's research is concerned with the molecular genetic and neural basis of emotion, personality, and individual differences. He is the editor of a book entitled "The biological basis of personality and individual differences" (2006) by Guilford Press. He is the first author of many papers on this topic, which have been published in Science, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, and many other peer-reviewed publications. He has received many honors, including the 2002 American Psychological Association D.G. Marquis Award for the best paper in Behavioral Neuroscience, and the 2006 Alumni Recognition Award from EPIIC (Education for Public Inquiry and International Citizenship), Tufts University in "recognition of your distinguished scholarly accomplishments, path-breaking ways to understand the brain, and your dedication to ethics in science and public policy".
What Makes "Special Forces" Special?
Charles Morgan III, MD, is a Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry & Research Affiliate at the Yale University School of Medicine. Dr. C. A. Morgan III is a Forensic Psychiatrist who is an internationally recognized expert in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. His research examining the psychological and biological assessment of human behavior, cognition and performance under conditions of operational stress. Over the past 10 years, Dr. Morgan has served as a Subject Matter Expert to the US Special Operations Command. The results of his research on stress resilience in this community have shown that specific measures (psychological, physiological and biological) can be used to reliably predict the future performance of Special Operations candidates and personnel. His work has demonstrated that psycho-biological factors can be used to predict which types of candidates are most likely to excel under threatening situations. Dr. Morgan also has clinical and research experience in the areas of Credibility Assessments and the Detection of Deception.
Should Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Be Used to Make the World a Safer Place?
Alvaro Pascual-Leone, MD, PhD, is a Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Pascual-Leone is interested in understanding the mechanisms that control brain plasticity across the lifespan and modulating brain plasticity, suppressing some changes and enhancing others, to gain a clinical benefit and behavioral advantage for a given individual. Such non-invasive approaches can lead to clinically relevant therapeutic effects in neuropsychiatry and neurorehabilitation, and provide unique insights into the neural basis of behavior. Dr. Pascual-Leone is the Director of the Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He also serves as the Associate Director of the Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center. He continues to combine clinical work as a behavioral neurologist with research. Among many honors and awards, he is the recipient of the Ramon y Cajal Award in Neuroscience from Spain, the Norman Geschwind Prize in Behavioral Neurology from the American Academy of Neurology, and the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award from The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany. He is the author of over 250 papers in refereed professional journals, over 50 book chapters and 2 books.
Brain Enhancement and the War on Terror: A Kinder, Gentler Mind Control
Martha Farah, PhD, is the Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Natural Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Farah is a founding member and Executive Board Member of the Neuroethics Society (neuroethicssociety.org). She is interested in mechanisms of vision, memory, and executive function in the human brain. Her research in recent years has shifted to a new set of issues that lie at the interface between cognitive neuroscience and "the real world", including the effects of socioeconomic adversity on children's brain development and emerging social and ethical issues in neuroscience ("neuroethics"). She was elected Fellow of the Cognitive Science Society in 2002, and elected Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists in 2005.
Neuroscience and Lie Detection: Science, Ethics, and Law
Henry T. (Hank) Greely is a founding member and Executive Board Member of the Neuroethics Society (neuroethicssociety.org). Dr. Greely is the Deane F. and Kate Edelman Johnson Professor of Law and Professor, by courtesy, of Genetics at Stanford University. He specializes in legal and social issues arising from advances in the biosciences and in health law and policy. He has written on issues concerning genetic testing and discrimination, the ethics of human genetics research, human stem cell research, and ethical and legal issues in neuroscience, among other things. He chairs the California Advisory Committee on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and the steering committee of the Stanford University Center for Biomedical Ethics. He also directs the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences and the Stanford Program on Stem Cells in Society. In neuroethics, he is particularly interested in the use of neuroscience to draw inferences about a person's mental state (such as deceptive intent, bias, pain) and for purposes of cognitive enhancement.
National Security and Moral Cognition: Issues in Neuroethics and Defense Policy
William Casebeer, PhD, a Major in the United States Air Force, is the Chief of Eurasian Intelligence Analysis at NATO Military Headquarters. Dr. Casebeer is a career intelligence analyst and soon-to-be Lieutenant Colonel in the US Air Force. This past year, he was a project fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, where he focused on ethics and counter-terrorism policy. Bill has published in journals ranging from "Nature Reviews Neuroscience" to "International Relations," is author of "Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral Cognition," (MIT Press, 2003) and co-author of "Warlords Rising: Confronting Violent Non-State Actors" (Lexington Books, 2005). A Council on Foreign Relations term member, Dr. Casebeer is a distinguished graduate of Squadron Officer School and the Naval Postgraduate School. His research interests include neuroethics, the intersections of cognitive science and national security policy, and military ethics (such as the ethics of torture interrogation).
Opportunities and Challenges for Behavorial Neuroscience in Federal Counter-Terrorism Science Policy
Susan Brandon, PhD, is the Behavioral & Social Science Principal at the Mitre Corporation. In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, Dr. Brandon served as APA's senior scientist, and later as Assistant Director of Social, Behavioral, and Educational Sciences for the White House Office of Science & Technology Policy. During her tenure, Susan Brandon was instrumental in convening a unique series of workshops bringing social scientists together with operational personnel to discuss unmet needs and research opportunities on topics that included the social psychology of counter-terrorism, the detection of deception, the phenomenology of intuition, and suicide bombings. Dr. Brandon nurtured a Cabinet-level effort to establish research priorities in the social, behavioral and economic sciences for combating terrorism on behalf of the National Science and Technology Council. In December 2005, she was awarded the American Psychological Association (APA) Presidential Citation in "recognition of her visionary efforts to promote the value of the psychological and behavioral sciences as they apply to our counter-terrorism, homeland security, and national security interests".
A Washington Perspective on Neuroscience Applications in Homeland Security
Philip J. Crowley is a Senior Fellow and Director of National Defense and Homeland Security at the Center for American Progress. During the Clinton administration, Crowley was Special Assistant to the President of the United States for National Security Affairs, serving as Senior Director of Public Affairs for the National Security Council. Prior to that, he was Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. In all, Crowley was a spokesman for the United States government and United States military for 28 years, 11 of those years at the Pentagon and three at the White House. He served for 26 years in the United States Air Force, retiring at the rank of colonel in September 1999. He is a veteran of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. During the Kosovo conflict, he was temporarily assigned to work with then NATO Secretary General Javier Solana. Prior to joining American Progress, he served as a national spokesman for the property/casualty insurance industry, focusing on strategic industry issues that included the impact of terrorism on commercial insurance in the aftermath of the World Trade Center tragedy.
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October 5, 2006 7:30 pm | Cabot Auditorium, The Fletcher School |
Guantanamo: How Should We Respond?
In collaboration with the Seton Hall Law School Guantanamo Teach-In
Alberto Mora addresses the audience as the panel looks on at "Guantanamo: How Should We Respond?"
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Victor M. Hansen teaches Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and Professional Responsibility at the New England School of Law. He was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army JAG Corps. He previously served as a regional defense counsel for the United States Army Trial Defense Service.
Pamela Merchant is the Executive Director of The Center for Justice & Accountability in San Francisco. Formerly, she was a federal prosecutor with the U. S. Department of Justice in the Criminal Division, where she specialized in white collar prosecutions. CJA’s creation was inspired by legal and psychological work with victims of torture and other grave human rights abuses.
Alberto Mora recently retired as the General Counsel for the U.S. Navy, the most senior civilian lawyer for the Navy and a rank equal to that of a four-star general. Mr. Mora was recognized with the 2006 JFK Profile in Courage Award for the moral and political courage he demonstrated in his effort to end U.S. military policy regarding the treatment of detainees held by the United States as part of the War on Terror.
Michael Posner is currently the President of Human Rights First. He has been at the forefront of the international human rights movement for nearly 30 years and, as the Executive Director of Human Rights First, he helped the organization earn a reputation for leadership in the areas of refugee protection, advancing a rights-based approach to national security, challenging crimes against humanity, and combating discrimination.
Michael Poulshock | EPIIC’97 Michael Poulshock is a Cooperating Attorney with the Center for Constitutional Rights. He is currently representing two Yemeni Guantanamo detainees and has worked on a number of other human rights cases, including lawsuits brought against former Israeli officials for their participation in attacks against civilians and cases brought on behalf of Nigerian activists to redress corporate complicity in human rights violations.
Robert J. Roughsedge is a partner and senior trial attorney in the Litigation Group of the law firm Lawson & Weitzen and an adjunct faculty member at the Suffolk University Law School. Mr. Roughsedge is a frequent commentator on television news programs concerning both terrorism issues and legal matters. As a former Army officer with practical experience in counter-terrorism operations, Mr. Roughsedge is currently a consultant for a joint U.S. Departments of State and Defense program advising foreign nations on issues involving counter-terrorism, peacekeeping operations and the laws of war.
Susannah Sirkin is Deputy Director of Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), a national organization that mobilizes health professionals to advance the health and dignity of all people through action that promotes respect for, protection of and fulfillment of human rights. Sirkin has organized health and human rights investigations to dozens of countries, including recent documentation of genocide and systematic rape in Darfur, PHR’s exhumations of mass graves in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda for the International Criminal Tribunals.
Ambassador John Shattuck is the Chief Executive Officer of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. Ambassador Shattuck’s career spans three decades of leadership in education, government service and the nonprofit sector. He is the author of Freedom on Fire: Human Rights Wars of the 90s, Rights of Privacy and many articles on civil liberties, human rights and public service. His distinguished career includes serving as the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
Sabin Willett is a Partner in the firm Bingham McCutchen LLP and concentrates his practice in commercial litigation and bankruptcy litigation. Mr. Willett represents prisoners in Guantanamo Bay on a pro bono basis.
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